A gallery of six 18th century philosopherʼs portraits (Helvetius, Saint Simon, Rousseau, De Maistre, Fichte, Hegel) all belonging to the French Revolution period. This selection comes from Isaiah Berlinʼs celebrated radio lectures broadcasted by the BBC in 1952, where the philosopher presented these six ʻenemies of human libertyʼ identifying a common anti-liberal nucleus in their theories.
The artist focused on Berlinʼs essay Two Concepts of Liberty.
In this essay the author, following Kantʼs philosophy, defines the concepts of ʻnegative freedomʼ (freedom ʻfromʼ an authoritarian regime or despot, in other words a search for individual freedom) and ʻpositive freedomʼ (freedom ʻtoʼ choose oneʼs own destiny together with his community that is to say collective freedom).
These portraits are covered with hundreds of dragonflies. For Ruffo a dragonfly represents the idea freedom. Flying like a military force these little creatures also recall the risks of 18th century philosophical theories.
The installation ATLAS OF THE VARIOUS FREEDOMS is a world map created from an atlas of the early 20th century which tries to trace the current reflections of young philosophers and artists from all over the world Pietro Ruffo met during his residency in New York in 2010 and confronted with basic questions about their notion of freedom, inspired by the thought of Isaiah Berlin. Berlin’s ideas strongly influenced the approach to liberty in America, educating the country’s highest minds including John Rawls, Robert Nozick and Ronald Dworkin. Made of 40 interviews (which can be listened to with headphones) and as many graphite portraits of the people interviewed, the Atlas is an audio visual survey of how a young generation addresses the topic of liberty.